What is weaning?

Weaning means stopping breastfeeding.

Weaning starts when babies have food other than breastmilk. It ends when they no longer have any breastmilk.

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended until your baby starts eating solid foods at around 6 months. It’s also best for your baby if you keep breastfeeding until at least 12 months. And you can keep breastfeeding beyond 12 months, for as long as you and your child want.

The weaning process: making it easier

When you’re stopping breastfeeding, it’s a good idea to take it slowly. This way your baby can get used to the change in routine and diet, and your body can get used to not making milk.

If the decision to wean is yours rather than your baby’s, you might need to offer some extra comfort as you and your baby make the transition to bottle-feeding or drinking from a cup. Plenty of cuddles and time with you can help your baby feel secure and loved without relying on the breast.

Weaning for babies

You can wean your baby to a cup or a bottle. This decision depends on your baby’s age. For young babies who are weaning, bottle-feeding can help with their need to suck. By around 6 months, babies can learn to drink straight from a cup.

The age of your baby also determines whether to replace breastfeeds with infant formula or cow’s milk. Babies younger than 12 months shouldn’t be offered cow’s milk except as part of their solid food. They need to be weaned onto infant formula. After 12 months, children can have cow’s milk as a drink. They don’t need infant or toddler formula.

When you start the weaning process, the first step is to replace the breastfeed your baby seems least keen on with expressed breastmilk, infant formula or cow’s milk. Drop one breastfeed at a time, and wait a few days or a week before you drop the next one.

Weaning for breastfeeding mothers

If you have breast inflammation or mastitis before you start weaning, wait until this is better.

When you’re ready to wean, gradual weaning is better for you as well as for your baby. If you stop breastfeeding quickly, your breasts might fill with milk (engorge) and get very uncomfortable. To prevent engorged breasts, you might need to express milk sometimes. Express just enough for comfort. If you express too much, it won’t reduce your milk supply and weaning can take longer.

You might need to go from one feed a day to one feed every few days to avoid engorged breasts, before stopping breastfeeding altogether.

After your baby has stopped breastfeeding, you might have lumpy breasts for 5-10 days. A sore lump might indicate localised breast inflammation or the beginnings of mastitis. If this happens, try gently stroking your breast towards your armpit or expressing a small amount of milk. This might reduce the lumpiness.

If a lump or breast inflammation is painful and hasn’t gone away after 24 hours or you start feeling flu-like symptoms, see your GP as soon as possible.

It’s common for babies to wake at night during the first year of life. They wake to feed, and they also wake for comfort. So if you’re comfortable with feeding your baby during the night, there’s no hurry to phase out night feeds. You can choose what works best for you and your baby.

Weaning, pregnancy and contraception

Breastfeeding gives you some protection from getting pregnant if you’re having heterosexual sex and the following things apply:

• You’ve been exclusively breastfeeding.
• Your periods haven’t started again.
• Your baby is less than 6 months old and doesn’t sleep for long periods between feeds, especially at night.

If any of these 3 things aren’t true for you, breastfeeding might give you less protection from getting pregnant. It’s a good idea to consider other forms of contraception.

If you’re thinking about oral contraception – either the combined pill or the minipill – there are a couple of things to bear in mind:

• It’s safe for most breastfeeding mothers to start the combined pill (oestrogen and progesterone) if their baby is at least 6 weeks old. Some women find that the combined pill reduces their supply of breastmilk.
• You need to take greater care with the minipill if it’s your only contraception in addition to breastfeeding. For example, you must take it within 3 hours of the same time every day.

The pill is prescription medicine, so you’ll need to see your GP or obstetrician to get it. Your doctor will talk you through how to use it properly so you’re protected from getting pregnant.

Things to note about stopping breastfeeding

To wean an older baby or toddler, it’s best to go slowly if you can, changing your child’s routine gradually. Your baby or toddler might decide when the last feed happens, even if you started the weaning process.

It’s quite common to feel a bit down after your last feed, even if you were looking forward to weaning.

Your hormones might take some time to return to normal. Some women begin ovulating as soon as they reduce night feeds or begin to wean. For others, ovulation and periods take several months to return.