Neural tube defects

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Neural tube defects (NTDs) are abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord caused by a problem in the early development of the unborn baby. Spina bifida, encephalocele and anencephaly are the most common NTDs.

Spina bifida occurs when the tube that forms the spinal cord and spine does not close properly in the first month of pregnancy, leaving part of the spinal cord exposed after birth. The opening in the spine can often be repaired surgically. Children with spina bifida can have trouble walking, as well as problems with fluid pressure on the brain and control of the bladder and bowel.

Encephalocele is a skull malformation where part of the brain protrudes. Children with encephalocele may have an intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, seizures or other difficulties. Anencephaly is a very serious NTD where part of the brain does not develop. Babies with anencephaly are usually stillborn or die shortly after birth.

The following professionals can help: paediatrician, neurologist, orthopaedic surgeon, urologist, continence nurse, occupational therapist, physiotherapist, social worker.

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