| At a glance: Noradrenergic agents |
Type of therapy
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Medical
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The claim
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Reduces hyperactivity, irritability, aggression and self-harming behaviour
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Suitable for
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Individuals with ASD (age restrictions might apply, depending on which medication is prescribed)
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Research rating
Find out more about this rating system in our FAQs. |
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Warnings
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People who take these medications can develop a tolerance, and can therefore require increased dosage. Side effects include drowsiness and dry mouth. |
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Time
Estimate of the total time for family in hours per week and duration. |
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Little time is needed to take the medication, but treatment can be ongoing. |
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Cost
Estimate of cost to family per session/item or week. |
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The cost will vary depending on the strength of the drug and how often it is taken. |
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About this intervention
What is it?
Noradrenergic agents are medications that regulate levels of a neurotransmitter called noradrenaline in the body. Noradrenergic agents used to treat people with autism include antidepressants, medications for high blood pressure, and medications to improve attention.
Who is it for?
Noradrenergic agents are typically used for people suffering anxiety, depression or high blood pressure. They are also sometimes used for people with autism who experience hyperactivity, irritability, aggression or self-harming behaviour.
What is it used for?
During times of stress, the body releases noradrenaline, which activates the ‘fight or flight’ response. People with autism can sometimes feel like they’re constantly in fight or flight mode. They can experience high physical tension and anxiety, as well as decreased pain responses. Noradrenergic agents can reduce these symptoms for people with autism.
Where does it come from?
The first trials of noradrenergic agents with people with autism were conducted in the early 1990s.
What is the idea behind it?
In our bodies, the noradrenergic system is responsible for producing, storing and releasing noradrenaline, which activates the fight or flight response. The idea is that autistic behaviours are the result of problems in this system. Noradrenergic agents regulate this system, and can therefore help reduce anxiety, depression, hyperactivity, irritability, aggression and self-harming behaviour in people with autism.
What does it involve?
This therapy involves taking oral medication on a daily basis. The specific medication and dosage will depend on each child’s symptoms.
A specialist medical practitioner such as a psychiatrist should monitor the child receiving the medication. Regular appointments with this professional will be needed.
Cost considerations
The cost of this therapy is ongoing, and varies depending on:
- the type of medication used (that is, the specific brand of drug)
- whether the drug is covered by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)
- the drug dose or strength
- whether the consumer holds a concession card, such as a Health Care Card.
Does it work?
This therapy has not yet been rated.
These medications have some side effects. They include the possibility of developing a tolerance, which would require increasing the dosage. Other possible side effects include drowsiness and high blood pressure when the person stops taking the medication.
Who practises this method?
Noradrenergic agents can be prescribed by a GP, paediatrician or psychiatrist.
These professionals can also give you information about the potential benefits and risks of using noradrenergic agents.
Parent education, training, support and involvement
This therapy involves taking oral medication on a daily basis. The specific medication and dosage will depend on each child’s symptoms.
A specialist medical practitioner such as a psychiatrist should monitor the person receiving the medication. Regular appointments with this professional will be needed.
Where can I find a practitioner?
Your GP, paediatrician or psychiatrist can prescribe this medication.
