Autism spectrum disorders

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Autism spectrum disorders are a group of disorders in which children show difficulties with communicating, problem-solving and social skills, and ritualistic and obsessive behaviours. The spectrum can include autism, Asperger’s syndrome or pervasive developmental disorder. The severity of the disorder can range from mild to severe. It is called a spectrum disorder because it affects each child in a different way. 

Children with autism have limited language, and some may not speak at all. Sometimes they have trouble understanding what language is for and can seem out of the communication loop. They may not grasp nonverbal aspects of communication, such as gesture, facial expression, tone of voice and eye contact. Their difficulty in reading the emotions, desires and behaviour of others often contributes to awkwardness in social settings.

Autism and Asperger’s syndrome have much in common, but children with autism are more likely to have intellectual disability and sometimes epilepsy, while children with Asperger's usually have fewer problems with verbal language.

Pervasive developmental disorder is diagnosed when the child has some signs of either autism or Asperger’s, but not enough to diagnose either of those conditions.

Living with a child who has trouble recognising the feelings of others can be very hard on siblings and parents. Joining a support group or seeking counselling can help families cope with some of the stress.

Early diagnosis and therapy can help to alleviate some of the difficulties children with autism spectrum disorders encounter.

The following professionals can help with diagnosis and treatment: paediatrician, child psychiatrist, audiologist,  developmental psychologist, occupational therapist, physiotherapist, speech pathologist and specialist teacher.

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